The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) has taken enforcement action against three decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols, Opyn, ZeroEx, and Deridex, by filing and settling charges. California-based Opyn and ZeroEx were fined $250,000 and $200,000, respectively, whereas North Carolina-based Deridex has been slapped with a civil monetary penalty of $100,000.

All three companies also face cease and desist orders for violating the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA) and CFTC regulations.

CFTC Fines Three DeFi Protocols

As announced yesterday (Thursday), Deridex and Opyn were charged as they failed to register as a swap execution facility (SEF) or designated contract market (DCM) and also as a futures commission merchant (FCM). These two companies also did not put a customer identification program as part of a Bank Secrecy Act compliance program, which is mandatory for FCMs.

The US regulator also charged the three companies for illegally offering leveraged and margined retail commodity transactions in digital assets.

DeFi Platforms Need to Follow the Regulations

DeFi companies offer many bank-like services but on the blockchain. As their dealings are primarily with cryptocurrencies, many of these platforms avoid the stringent regulatory scrutiny applicable to banks.

Opyn offered trading of a digital asset derivative token called oSQTH, the value of which was based on the company-created Squeeth index, which tracked the price of Ether squared relative to the stablecoin USDC. Users of the protocol could enter into both long and short positions, but for the latter, they need to deposit Ether as collateral. Although the platform blocked US internet protocol addresses to block access of the platform to US residents, it was not sufficient.

Deridex offered trading with perpetual contracts without any license and did not take any steps to exclude clients from the US. Similarly, ZeroEx also offered users the ability to trade digital assets on several blockchains.

“Somewhere along the way, DeFi operators got the idea that unlawful transactions become lawful when facilitated by smart contracts,” said Ian McGinley, Director of Enforcement at CFTC. “They do not. The DeFi space may be novel, complex, and evolving, but the Division of Enforcement will continue to evolve with it and aggressively pursue those who operate unregistered platforms that allow US persons to trade digital asset derivatives.”

Meanwhile, the CFTC recently received a court order against Mirror Trading International, a forex fraud scheme in South Africa, requiring the company to pay $1.7 billion in restitution to defrauded investors.