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In recent years, cryptocurrency has evolved from a fringe investment into a mainstream digital asset class that is increasingly being included in diversified portfolios. For investors looking to enhance their portfolio's risk-adjusted returns, adding a crypto allocation can be a compelling strategy. A well-balanced portfolio that includes cryptocurrencies like bitcoin or ether has the potential to offer superior returns and a higher Sharpe ratio compared to traditional portfolios made up solely of equities, bonds, or other assets. Let’s break down why this is the case and look at metrics that demonstrate the advantages of including crypto from a risk/return perspective.
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Enhanced returns
Crypto markets have shown explosive growth, far outpacing traditional asset classes in terms of returns. For example, bitcoin has delivered an annualized return of 230% over the past decade, compared to the S&P 500’s annualized return of around 11%. Ether, another dominant cryptocurrency, has also offered triple-digit annual growth rates in its early years. Even with their volatility, these digital assets provide investors with the potential for significantly higher returns, particularly during periods of market expansion.
By including a small allocation of crypto — let’s say between 2% and 10% — in a diversified portfolio, investors can capture some of these gains. Historical data shows that portfolios with even modest exposure to crypto have experienced an uptick in overall performance. For example, a traditional 60/40 portfolio (60% stocks and 40% bonds) might have returned 8% annually over the past decade, but a similar portfolio that allocates 5% to bitcoin could have seen annualized returns closer to 12% or more, all without a significant increase in risk.
Better risk-adjusted returns: the Sharpe ratio advantage
While cryptocurrencies are notorious for their volatility, their inclusion in a portfolio can still improve risk-adjusted returns when managed appropriately. One of the key metrics to assess this is the Sharpe ratio, which measures the return per unit of risk taken. A higher Sharpe ratio indicates that the portfolio is delivering better risk-adjusted returns.
When analyzing data from 2015 to 2023, portfolios with a small crypto allocation show a Sharpe ratio improvement of 0.5 to 0.8 points compared to traditional portfolios. For instance, a traditional portfolio might have a Sharpe ratio of 0.75, but adding 5% bitcoin can elevate it to around 1.2, signifying an optimized balance between risk and reward. The increase in the Sharpe ratio occurs because cryptocurrencies' price movements often have low or negative correlations with traditional asset classes, thus offering better diversification.
Risk mitigation through diversification
Cryptocurrencies are also known for their role as a hedge against inflation and traditional financial market downturns. Since bitcoin in particular has a finite supply, it is often compared to digital gold. During inflationary periods or times of economic instability, having crypto in a portfolio can help offset losses in traditional assets like stocks or bonds.
In conclusion, adding crypto to a portfolio can significantly enhance returns and improve risk-adjusted performance, as evidenced by increased Sharpe ratios. While there is inherent volatility, the proper allocation of this digital asset class can provide a strategic advantage for investors seeking to optimize their risk/return profile.
Note: The views expressed in this column are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of CoinDesk, Inc. or its owners and affiliates.